The term “white blood cells” or leucocytes ( λ ε υ κ ό ς=leucos=white) is not considered exact, but is used nonetheless because when they are examined fresh in the light of the microscope, they appear not as white, but as colourless cells ( ά χ ρ ω μo ς=achromos) and so the correct term would be “colourless blood corpuscles” or “achromocytes”. The red cells are called erythrocytes ( ε ρ υ θ ρ ό=erythro=red, κ ύ τ τ α ρ α=cytes=cells ) while in French the term used is hématies ( α ι μ ά τ ι α=haematia=haema corpuscles). The Greeks have always known hema as the well-known red fluid, which is seen as a bright red or crimson liquid gushing out of a wound in the human body or the body of a warm-blooded animal. Its definition according to Claudius Galenos of Pergamon (in Latin Galen or Galenus) (200-130 BC) was as follows: “ α ί μ α ε σ τ ί θ ε ρ μ ό κ α ι υ γ ρ ό ν ε ν τ α ι ς α ρ τ η ρ ί α ι ςo λ ι γ ώ τ ε ρo ν, ε ξo ύ τo ζ ώo ν τ ρ έ φ ε τ α ι”, “haema esti thermo kai hygron en tais arteriaes, exou to zoon trephetai” (hema is a warm and fluid material which is less in the arteries, from which the animal is fed). Įxamples of words in the english dictionary containing the greek word “hema” and its derivatives. There are also compound Greek and Latin words (Table 1). Many words are Greek compounds with the prefixes hyper-, hypo-, auto- (“auto”=self, same), iso- (“iso”=equal, uniform), or adding the privative an- (“ α-”=without, not)). Many words are unedited or compound Greek words. There are some 1300 words in the English dictionary containing the Greek word “hema” and its derivatives. From this we get “ α ί σ μ α” (haesma) or “ α ί μ α” (haema), which means literally “hot” or “incandescent” (as the body fluid is supposed to be). In most ipsissina verba, according to this interpretation, the word stems from the passive present perfect of the verb “ α ί θ ω” (aetho) “ ή σ μ α ι” (hesmae). Should proceed from them to prosecute his investigations…”Īccording to many linguists, the Greek word AIMA ( haema, hema, blood) is derived from the ancient Greek verb “ α ί θ ω” (aetho), which means “make red-hot, roast” “warm or heat”. “…all these requisites belong of old to Medicine, and an origin and way have been found out,īy which many and elegant discoveries have been made, during a length of time,Īnd others will yet be found out, if a person possessed of the proper ability,Īnd knowing those discoveries which have been made, The Greeks also speculated about mechanisms of blood coagulation and the use of blood transfusion to save life. In Greek myths and historical works, one finds the first references to the uninterrupted vascular circulation of blood, the differences between venous and arterial blood, and the bone marrow as the site of blood production. The ancient Greeks considered hema as synonymous with life. Greek scientific considerations about blood date from Homeric times. The Hellenes (Greeks) especially have always known hema as the well-known red fluid of the human body. MIDDLE-EARTH, THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING, THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE TWO TOWERS, THE LORD OF THE RINGS: THE RETURN OF THE KING and the names of the characters, items, events and places therein are trademarks of The Saul Zaentz Company d/b/a Middle-earth Enterprises under license to New Line Productions, Inc.All ancient nations hinged their beliefs about hema (blood) on their religious dogmas as related to mythology or the origins of religion. THE HOBBIT: AN UNEXPECTED JOURNEY, THE HOBBIT: THE DESOLATION OF SMAUG, THE HOBBIT: THE BATTLE OF THE FIVE ARMIES and the names of the characters, items, events and places therein are trademarks of The Saul Zaentz Company d/b/a Middle-earth Enterprises under license to New Line Productions, Inc. GW, Games Workshop, Citadel, White Dwarf, Space Marine, 40K, Warhammer, Warhammer 40,000, the ‘Aquila’ Double-headed Eagle logo, Warhammer Age of Sigmar, Battletome, Stormcast Eternals, and all associated logos, illustrations, images, names, creatures, races, vehicles, locations, weapons, characters, and the distinctive likenesses thereof, are either ® or ™, and/or © Games Workshop Limited, variably registered around the world.
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